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The regulatory agencies responsible for radiation protection currently use the so-called linear no-threshold model to estimate radiation risks. In contrast, the effects of low-dose radiation exposure during routine X-ray exams are still poorly understood. These breaks can lead to cell death, oncogene activation, and anti-oncogene inactivation. It is known to cause a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of DNA lesions, including the so-called double-strand breaks in which both strands of the double helix are severed. The effects of larger-dose exposure have been studied extensively.
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Receiving 100 mGy is considered low-dose exposure, while 1,000 mGy is regarded as an intermediate dose. They showed that low-dose X-ray exposure does not induce genome instability, premature aging, or the accumulation of DNA damage in the progeny of irradiated cells.ĭuring a regular X-ray exam, a dose of about 0.001-10 milligrays-depending on the procedure-is delivered to the patient.
DOUBLE EXPOSURE X RAY SERIES
The international research team, including Andreyan Osipov from Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center and MIPT's Sergey Leonov and Anastasia Tsvetkova, ran a series of experiments aimed at obtaining the much needed data on the delayed effects of low-dose radiation exposure. This supposedly leads to cell death, accelerated cellular aging, and malignant transformations. According to this view, X-rays cause damage that is accumulated in stem cells and passed on to their progeny. However, stem cells are believed to be harmed by frequent medical diagnostic procedures involving the use of ionizing radiation, such as CT scans and mammography. They are present in most organs and tissues in an adult organism and can identify damage sites, migrate toward them, replace damaged cells, and promote healing. Stem cells have a high potential for division and self-renewal, and are capable of differentiating into various cell types. The field of regenerative medicine, which is now making rapid advances, holds the promise of using stem cells to replace or restore damaged human tissues and organs. "Our research helps predict the side effects and health risks for patients, who are increasingly often undergoing both stem cell therapy and diagnostic X-ray procedures at the same time."
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"The 80-milligray dose is equivalent to the radiation exposure during a medical diagnostic imaging procedure such as a CT scan, which is routinely used in conjunction with stem cell therapy," explains Sergey Leonov, director of the Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics at MIPT, who also heads the institute's Laboratory for the Development of Innovative Drugs.